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Organ trade is a trade of human organs for the purpose of transplantation. , about 90,000 people were reported to have been waiting for a new organ.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Case for Legal Organ Sales )〕 There is a worldwide shortage of organs available for transplantation, yet commercial trade in human organs was at one point illegal in all countries except Iran. Illegal organ trafficking is widespread, but data on the extent of the black market is difficult to obtain. Whether or not to legalize the organ trade to combat illegal trafficking and organ shortage is a subject of much debate. On average, an individual will wait three and a half years for an organ to become available for transplant.〔 Financial compensation for organ donors is being legalized in Australia and Singapore.〔(Live donors to get financial support ), RASHIDA YOSUFZAI, AAP, APRIL 07, 2013〕 == Legalization of organ trade == Iran is the only nation that allows the legal buying and selling of organs. The market is contained within the country; that is, foreigners are not allowed to buy organs of Iranian citizens. In an attempt to further limit transplant tourism, organs can only be transplanted between people of the same nationality, that is to say an Iranian cannot purchase a kidney from a refugee from another country.〔 The system is largely charity and volunteer-based, and those tasked with matching donors and patients are not paid for their work.〔 The Iranian system has been put up as an example of an effective and safe organ trading model by proponents of legalized donation; although the system is not without its challenges and there is no short or long-term follow up on donor health. The non-profit organization Datpa finds donors who get their pay from the Iranian government and the receiver. Charity organizations support receivers that cannot afford the pay.〔 An article in Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology notes that the Iranian model has avoided many problems associated with organ trade. All solutions tried in other developing countries have failed to even slow down the continual growth of organ transplant queues. Now monetary compensation for organ donors is being legalized in Australia and Singapore too. Kidney disease organizations in both countries have expressed their support.〔〔 All other nations had some form of legislation meant to prevent the illegal trading of organs, whether by an outright ban or through legislation that limits how and by whom donations can be made. Many countries, including Brazil, Belgium, and France, use a system of presumed consent to increase the amount of legal organs available for transplant.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= The Debate: Presumed Consent )〕. In the United States, federal law prohibits the sale of organs, however the government has created initiatives to encourage organ gifting and to compensate those who freely donate their organs. In 2004, the state of Wisconsin began providing tax deductions to living donors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Organ Trafficking Laws in Key Countries )〕 Worldwide, the trend has been to move towards increased regulation of organ trading. This is seen in the tightening of policies after countries like China and India came under scrutiny for human rights violations related to their organ procurement process. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「organ trade」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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